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Ethay onunciationpray ofway Englishway ordsway inway Cyclopedianay isway ostmay oftenway ivengay inway ethay Internationalway Oneticphay Alphabetway (IPAWAY). Ethay oalgay isway atthay interpretationway ouldshay otnay ependday onway ethay eader'sray ialectday, andway ereforethay away oadbray anscriptiontray isway enerallygay usedway.

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Consonants
IPA Examples
b but, web
d do, odd
ð this, breathe, father
gin, joy, edge
f fool, enough, leaf, photo
ɡ go, get, beg
h ham, ahead
j yes, hallelujah
k cat, kill, skin, queen, thick
l left, bell
m man, ham
n no, tin
ŋ ringer, sing, sink
ŋɡ finger
θ thing, teeth
p pen, spin, tip
r run, very[1]
s see, city, pass, scissors
ʃ she, sure, emotion, leash, session
t two, sting, bet
chair, nature, teach
v voice, have
w we, queen
ʍ what[2]
z zoo, rose
ʒ pleasure, vision, beige[3]
Marginal consonants
x ugh, loch, Chanukah[4]
ʔ uh-oh /ˈʌʔoʊ/,
Hawaii /həˈwaɪʔiː/[5]
Vowels
IPA Examples R-colored vowels[6]
æ bad, pat ær barrow, marry
ɑː balm, father, pa ɑr bar, mar
ɒ bod, pot, cot[7] ɒr moral, forage
ɔː bawd, paw, caught[8] ɔr born, for
beau, hoe, poke[9] ɔər boar, four, more
ʊ good, foot, put ʊər boor, moor
booed, food
ʌ bud, butt ʌr hurry, Murray
ɜr bird, myrrh, furry (or /ɝː/ [10])
ɛ bed, pet ɛr berry, merry
bay, hey, fate ɛər bear, mare, Mary
ɪ bid, pit[11] ɪr mirror
i happy, city, toffee[11]
ɪər beer, mere
bead, peat, feet[11]
Diphthongs Reduced vowels
аɪ buy, high, ride, write ə Rosa’s, above
bough, how, pout əl bottle
ɔɪ boy, hoy əm rhythm
juː beauty, hue, pew, dew[12] ən button
Syllabification ər runner, mercer (or /ɚ/ [10])
. moai /ˈmoʊ.аɪ/[13] ɨ or ɪ roses, business [14]
Stress
IPA Examples
ˈ intonation /ˌɪntəˈneɪʃən/[15]
ˌ
  1. Although the IPA symbol [r] represents a trill, /r/ is widely used instead of /ɹ/ in broad transcriptions of English.
  2. /ʍ/ is found in some dialects, such as Scottish and Southern American English; elsewhere people use /w/.
  3. A number of English words, such as genre and garage, are pronounced with either /ʒ/ or /dʒ/.
  4. In most dialects, /x/ is replaced by /k/ in loch and by /h/ in Chanukah.
  5. Most people pronounce the English word Hawaii without the /ʔ/ (glottal stop) that occurs in the Hawaiian word Hawai‘i.
  6. In many dialects, /r/ occurs only before vowels. Note that due to American influence, the schwas have been left out in many Wikipedia articles. That is, /ɪər/ etc. are not always distinguished from /ɪr/ etc. When they are, the long vowels may be transcribed /iːr/ etc. by analogy with vowels not followed by /r/.
  7. In most North American dialects, not distinguished from /ɑː/.
  8. In some North American dialects, not distinguished from /ɑː/.
  9. Commonly transcribed /əʊ/ or /oː/.
  10. 10.0 10.1 In some articles these are transcribed /ɝː/ and /ɚ/ when not followed by a vowel.
  11. 11.0 11.1 11.2 American convention is to write /i/ when unstressed and preceding a vowel or word boundary, as in wiki /ˈwɪki/ and serious /ˈsɪriəs/; British convention used to be /ˈwɪkɪ/ and /ˈsɪərɪəs/, but the OED and other influential dictionaries recently converted to /i/.
  12. In many dialects, /juː/ is pronounced the same as /uː/ after "tongue sounds" (/t/, /d/, /s/, /z/, /n/, /θ/, and /l/), so that dew /djuː/ is pronounced the same as do /duː/.
  13. Syllables are indicated sparingly, where necessary to avoid confusion.
  14. Pronounced as [ə] in Australian and many US dialects, and as [ɪ] in Received Pronunciation. Many speakers freely alternate between a reduced [ɪ] and a reduced [ə]. The OED uses the pseudo-IPA symbol ɪ [1], and Merriam Webster uses ə̇.
  15. It is arguable that there is no phonemic distinction in English between primary and secondary stress, but it is conventional to notate them as here.
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